Proactive Multi-Copy Routing Protocol For Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

A vehicular network topology is very dynamic compared to traditional mobile ad hoc network because of the movement and speed of the vehicles. Thus, a vehicular network is always partitioned due to this reason, especially if the vehicle density is low. In this situation where a direct end-to-end path between source and destination can be considered as non-existent, a regular ad hoc routing protocol with complete path discovery mechanism is not feasible since the routing path is usually disconnected due to the intermittent nature of network links. To overcome this problem, vehicles can be used as carriers to deliver messages using store-and-carry forwarding whenever forwarding option via wireless transmission is not available. It has been ascertained by the majority of researches in VANET that the carry and forward procedure can significantly affect an end-to-end delivery delay. This paper focuses on developing a proactive multi-copy routing protocol with carry and forward mechanism that is able to deliver packets from a source vehicle to a destination vehicle at a small delivery delay. The paper emphases on replicating data packets and distribute them to different relays. The proposed protocol creates enough diversity to reach the destination vehicle with a small end-to-end delivery delay while keeping low routing overhead by routing multiple copies independently. The simulation results in an urban grid model show that the proposed multi-copy forwarding protocol is able to deliver packets at small delivery delay compared to a single-copy forwarding algorithm without having to rely on real time traffic data or flooding mechanism

Tahap Penguasaan Kemahiran Pedagogi Di Kalangan Pelajar Tahun Akhir Di Fakulti Pendidikan Utm, Skudai Johor

Kemahiran pedagogi merupakan salah satu aset yang mesti dikuasai oleh golongan pendidik bergelar guru. Ini kerana, penguasaan dalam kemahiran pedagogi dapat membantu menjadikan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran berlangsung dengan terancang dan teratur. Justeru itu,penyelidik ingin mengkaji tahap penguasaan kemahiran pedagogi di kalangan bakal-bakal guru yang terdiri daripada pelajar tahun akhir Fakulti Pendidikan UTM Skudai. Seramai 186 orang responden yang merupakan pelajar tahun akhir Fakulti Pendidikan terlibat dalam kajian ini yang dipilih secara rawak. Instrumen kajian ini menggunakan soal selidik yang mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan sebanyak 0.941 (? = 0.941). Data telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian Statistical Package For Social Science for Windows (SPSS 13.0) bagi mendapatkan kekerapan, peratusan dan min. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap keenam-enam aspek kemahiran pedagogi yang dikaji iaitu kemahiran perancangan pengajaran, strategi pengajaran, penggunaan bahan bantu mengajar, pengurusan bilik darjah, penilaian pengajaran serta pengayaan dan pemulihan mencatatkan nilai min keseluruhan melebihi 3.33 iaitu berada pada tahap yang tinggi di mana kemahiran perancangan pengajaran mencatatkan nilai min tertinggi sebanyak 4.21. Secara keseluruhannya, tahap penguasaan kemahiran pedagogi di kalangan pelajar tahun akhir Fakulti Pendidikan berada pada tahap tinggi dengan nilai min sebanyak 3.95. Dapatan kajian turut menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan signifikan diantara jantina responden dengan kemahiran pedagogi yang dikaji

Feasible Threats By Manipulating Tunneling Packet On 6to4 Network

Tunneling mechanism becomes the most delicate transition mechanism compared to other transition mechanism, Dual Stack and Address Translation because tunneling offers easier way to start migrating from IPv4 to IPv6 and offers a smooth transition. 6to4 tunneling is automatic tunneling to conquer migration issues. In fact, tunnel transition mechanism is believed to be susceptible from several type of attacks. On 6to4 tunneling, Neighbor Discovery Protocol message becomes a potential media to exploit by attacker. It starts with deploying a controlled testbed network environment and running several scenario DoS attack by manipulating NDP message through 6to4 tunneling. The expected result is to prove that attacking methods is feasible and effective

Proactive Multi-Copy Routing Protocol For Urban Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

A vehicular network topology is very dynamic compared to traditional mobile ad hoc network because of the movement and speed of the vehicles. Thus, a vehicular network is always partitioned due to this reason, especially if the vehicle density is low. In this situation where a direct end-to-end path between source and destination can be considered as non-existent, a regular ad hoc routing protocol with complete path discovery mechanism is not feasible since the routing path is usually disconnected due to the intermittent nature of network links. To overcome this problem, vehicles can be used as carriers to deliver messages using store-and-carry forwarding whenever forwarding option via wireless transmission is not available. It has been ascertained by the majority of researches in VANET that the carry and forward procedure can significantly affect an end-to-end delivery delay. This paper focuses on developing a proactive multi-copy routing protocol with carry and forward mechanism that is able to deliver packets from a source vehicle to a destination vehicle at a small delivery delay. The paper emphases on replicating data packets and distribute them to different relays. The proposed protocol creates enough diversity to reach the destination vehicle with a small end-to-end delivery delay while keeping low routing overhead by routing multiple copies independently. The simulation results in an urban grid model show that the proposed multi-copy forwarding protocol is able to deliver packets at small delivery delay compared to a single-copy forwarding algorithm without having to rely on real time traffic data or flooding mechanis

Performance analysis of communication model on position based routing protocol: Review analysis

Research on the Vanet system has its own challenges and obstacles with the communication system between nodes being the main issue. Four categories in the Vanet system topology, namely position based routing protocols, broadcast based routing protocols, cluster based routing protocols and multicast/geocast routing protocols, have fundamental differences, especially in the concept of sending data and information between nodes. For this reason, in this study, the selection of standardization and integration of data delivery between nodes is of particular relevance. The ability to send data properly in busy and fast traffic conditions is another challenge. For this, there are many variables that must be considered to improve communication between nodes

Prototype of GIS Based Location Information Enquiry System

The convergence of the internet and wireless communication has led the popularity of using handheld devices. People have now started demanding services that can be delivered any time anywhere, called Location Based Services (LBS). This paper deal with development of location based services on handheld devices that apply to emergency services. Handheld devices suffer from serious constrains in three areas: memory size, processor speed and screen size. This application uses the client server concept within wireless internet environment. The positioning service such as GPS is used to know the position of the user. The objective of this research is to display special query on the required spatial information within handheld devices using different operating systems such as WinCE, Palm OS and Symbian. This implies the strong feature of the proposed system. Hence the system assists people e.g. at the time of emergency to find the shortest path to the nearest hospital. The application will be access through the wireless internet. Only the related location in the entire map will be displayed on the handheld devices to which gives the economical usage of bandwidth and resources for real time response. This technology uses mobile internet as web browser embedded in the handheld devices. In Malaysia, a Location Based Services is still new and can be expand in many ways, especially in emergency cases

Mechanical characterization of ABS recyling based electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) by using injection molding

Nowadays, recycling process become more and more importantly mostly due to the impressive increase in the production of waste and to growing attention to the environment friendly. Increasing of demand of new products and waste electric and electronic of waste polymer from many sectors is being recycled to reduce an economic, environment and energy issues. According to Rosa et al., (2010) and Tarantili et al., (2010), the term of polymer usually refers to thermoplastic material rather than thermosets and some typical representative’s acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polycarbonates (PC), polyamides (PA) and poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET)

An Insider Threat Categorization Framework for Automated Manufacturing Execution System

Insider threats become one of the most dangerous threats in the cyber world as compared to outsider as the insiders have knowledge of assets. In addition, the threats itself considered in-visible and no one can predict what, when and how exactly the threat launched. Based on conducting literature, threat in Automated Manufacturing Execution Systems (AMESs) can be divided into three principle factors. Moreover, there is no standard framework to be referring which exist nowadays to categorize such factors in order to identify insider threats possible features. Therefore, from the conducted literature a standard theoretical categorization of insider threats framework for AMESs has been proposed. Hence, three principle factors, i.e. Human, Systems and Machine have considered as major categorization of insider threats. Consequently, the possible features for each factor identified based on previous researcher recommendations. Therefore, via identifying possible features and categorize it into principle factors or groups, a standard framework could be derived. These frameworks will contribute more benefit specifically in the manufacturing field as a reference to mitigate an insider threat.   Keywords—automated manufacturing execution systems insider threats, factors and features, insider threat categorization framework

The improvement of standard operating procedures (SOP) and the process of grading the fresh palm fruit (BTS) at Kilang Kelapa Sawit Risda Ulu Keratong

Industrial Engineering and Quality Management is a branch of engineering subject that giving people knowledge about management in the industry. An industrial visit had been done due to this subject needed. The purpose of the visit is to identify an improvement that needed for the industry to make it more efficient and produce a good quality product and also managing the employee behaviour while at work. Industrial Engineering works to eliminate waste of time, money, materials, person-hours, machine time, energy, and other resources that do not generate value[1]. Industrial engineering is concerned with the development, improvement, and implementation of an integrated system of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis and synthesis. From all of the topic concern in industrial engineering then should be applied to the industry. In the factory sometimes have a bit of issue that they not notice out so there the function of Industrial Engineering will work. So from the industrial visit, there are some improvements that can be made such as grading system and standard of procedure. The old grading system of oil palm was not accurate enough, thus causing an error and producing poor oil quality. As the oil has less their grade so it will reduce the income of the factory because the buyer of the oil doesn’t take the responsibility due to the less of oil quality

Internet of Things based Heart Rate Monitoring and Alert System

Heart rate analysis provides vital information of the present condition of the human body and become one of the important indicators of health. Manual monitoring method no longer efficient since requires physical access from the medical staff. Thus, a system that provides a real-time monitoring and alert is needed. In this paper, we develop a heart rate alert system that is usable for medical officer and patients. The system measures the variation of the tissue blood flow rate by means of a photo transmitter and detector through fingertip known as photoplethysmography (PPG). The detected signal is passed through active low pass filter and then amplified by a two stages high gain amplifier. The amplified signal is feed into the microcontroller to process the heart rate. Then, the heart rate reading is transferred to a running web server for dashboard views for monitoring. For alerting medical officer, the system able to trigger and send a notification message through Telegram platform in the occurrences of abnormal heart rate reading. Mean of reading differences and response time testing were carried out for the performance testing of the system. Overall, the system is capable in providing an alternative method for the medical staff to monitor and get alert about the heart rate of the patients. This system can be deployed in hospitals or used by heart disease patients to monitor their heart rate condition from time to time